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Demographics of Luxembourg

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Demographics of Luxembourg
Population pyramid of Luxembourg in 2020
Population672,050 (2024 est.)
Growth rate1.64% (2022 est.)
Birth rate11.61 births/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Death rate7.21 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Life expectancy82.98 years
 • male80.52 years
 • female85.58 years (2022 est.)
Fertility rate1.63 children born/woman (2022 est.)
Infant mortality rate3.25 deaths/1,000 live births
Net migration rate12.01 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Age structure
0–14 years16.73%
65 and over15.37%
Sex ratio
Total1.02 male(s)/female (2022 est.)
At birth1.06 male(s)/female
Under 151.06 male(s)/female
65 and over0.7 male(s)/female
Nationality
NationalityLuxembourger
Major ethnicLuxembourger (52.7%)
Language
OfficialLuxembourgish, French, German
SpokenLuxembourgish
Population density in Luxembourg by commune
Historical population
YearPop.±%
1821 134,082—    
1839 175,223+30.7%
1851 194,719+11.1%
1861 197,731+1.5%
1871 204,028+3.2%
1880 210,507+3.2%
1890 211,481+0.5%
1900 234,674+11.0%
1910 259,027+10.4%
1922 261,643+1.0%
1930 299,782+14.6%
1947 290,992−2.9%
1960 314,889+8.2%
1970 339,841+7.9%
1981 364,302+7.2%
1991 384,634+5.6%
2001 439,539+14.3%
2011 512,353+16.6%
2021 643,941+25.7%
Source:[1] 2020 data[2]

Demographic features of the population of Luxembourg include population density, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

The following is an overview of the demographics of Luxembourg. Demographic topics include basic statistics, most populous cities, and religious affiliation.

The population of Luxembourg as of 1 January 2024 was 672,050 (52.7% Luxembourgers and 47.3% of foreign nationality).[3]

The people of Luxembourg are called Luxembourgers.[4]

Population size and structure

[edit]
Demographics of Luxembourg, Data of FAO, year 2020

The population of Luxembourg in 2024 is 672,050.

Age structure of the population

[edit]
Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.I.2021): [5]
Age Group Male Female Total %
Total 319 456 315 274 634 730 100
0–4 16 900 16 355 33 255 5.24
5–9 17 641 16 618 34 259 5.40
10–14 17 291 16 590 33 881 5.34
15–19 17 179 15 892 33 071 5.21
20–24 19 975 18 739 38 714 6.10
25–29 24 373 23 227 47 600 7.50
30–34 25 947 25 103 51 050 8.04
35–39 24 798 24 587 49 385 7.78
40–44 24 400 23 790 48 190 7.59
45–49 23 728 22 533 46 261 7.29
50–54 24 324 22 633 46 957 7.40
55–59 22 789 21 070 43 859 6.91
60–64 18 034 17 477 35 511 5.59
65-69 13 904 14 266 28 170 4.44
70-74 11 176 11 828 23 004 3.62
75-79 7 593 8 844 16 437 2.59
80-84 5 290 7 492 12 782 2.01
85-89 2 853 5 009 7 862 1.24
90-94 1 100 2 493 3 593 0.57
95-99 148 657 805 0.13
100-104 10 67 77 0.01
105-109 2 3 5 <0.01
110+ 1 1 2 <0.01
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0–14 51 832 49 563 101 395 15.97
15–64 225 547 215 051 440 598 69.42
65+ 42 077 50 660 92 737 14.61

Vital statistics

[edit]
Vital statistics of Luxemburg 1900 till present.

The following table chronicles factors such as population, birth rates, and death rates in Luxembourg since 1900.[6]

Average population Live births Deaths Natural change Crude birth rate (per 1000) Crude death rate (per 1000) Natural change (per 1000) Fertility rates
1900 234,000 7,037 5,109 1,928 30.1 21.9 8.2
1901 236,000 7,444 4,300 3,144 31.5 18.2 13.3
1902 238,000 7,416 4,460 2,956 31.1 18.7 12.4
1903 241,000 7,279 4,686 2,593 30.3 19.5 10.8
1904 243,000 7,535 4,952 2,583 31.0 20.4 10.6
1905 245,000 7,431 4,851 2,580 30.3 19.8 10.5
1906 248,000 7,516 4,844 2,672 30.3 19.6 10.8
1907 250,000 7,738 4,482 3,256 30.9 17.9 13.0
1908 253,000 7,639 4,933 2,706 30.2 19.5 10.7
1909 256,000 7,264 4,752 2,512 28.4 18.6 9.8
1910 258,000 7,065 4,321 2,744 27.4 16.7 10.6
1911 260,000 7,126 4,892 2,234 27.4 18.8 8.6
1912 262,000 7,051 4,556 2,495 26.9 17.4 9.5
1913 264,000 7,009 4,383 2,626 26.5 16.6 9.9
1914 266,000 6,781 4,446 2,335 25.5 16.7 8.8
1915 265,000 5,701 4,126 1,575 21.5 15.6 5.9
1916 264,000 4,958 4,246 712 18.8 16.1 2.7
1917 263,000 4,516 4,730 -214 17.1 18.0 -0.8
1918 263,000 4,413 5,611 -1,198 16.8 21.4 -4.6
1919 262,000 4,638 4,627 11 17.7 17.7 0.0
1920 261,000 5,621 3,404 2,217 21.6 13.1 8.5
1921 261,000 5,494 3,444 2,050 21.1 13.2 7.9
1922 262,000 5,094 3,538 1,556 19.5 13.5 5.9
1923 263,000 5,468 3,581 1,887 20.8 13.6 7.2
1924 266,000 5,369 3,421 1,948 20.2 12.9 7.3
1925 268,000 5,619 3,791 1,828 21.0 14.1 6.8
1926 270,000 5,639 4,100 1,539 20.9 15.2 5.7
1927 278,000 5,864 3,909 1,955 21.1 14.1 7.0
1928 287,000 6,114 4,017 2,097 21.3 14.0 7.3
1929 292,000 6,210 4,553 1,657 21.3 15.6 5.7
1930 297,000 6,377 3,876 2,501 21.4 13.0 8.4
1931 300,000 5,988 3,971 2,017 20.0 13.3 6.7
1932 299,000 5,295 3,949 1,346 17.7 13.2 4.5
1933 298,000 4,895 3,725 1,170 16.4 12.5 3.9
1934 298,000 4,665 3,535 1,130 15.7 11.9 3.8
1935 297,000 4,523 3,740 783 15.2 12.6 2.6
1936 298,000 4,514 3,433 1,081 15.2 11.5 3.6
1937 299,000 4,514 3,555 959 15.1 11.9 3.2
1938 301,000 4,486 3,811 675 14.9 12.7 2.2
1939 300,000 4,511 3,804 707 15.0 12.7 2.4
1940 296,000 3,959 3,580 379 13.4 12.1 1.3
1941 292,000 4,029 4,065 -36 13.8 13.9 -0.1
1942 290,000 4,506 4,220 286 15.6 14.6 1.0
1943 289,000 4,277 4,437 -160 14.8 15.4 -0.6
1944 285,000 4,128 5,406 -1,278 14.5 18.9 -4.5
1945 284,000 3,775 4,585 -810 13.3 16.2 -2.9
1946 286,000 4,263 3,525 738 14.9 12.3 2.6
1947 289,000 4,178 3,548 630 14.5 12.3 2.2
1948 292,000 4,162 3,400 762 14.3 11.6 2.6
1949 294,000 4,026 3,676 350 13.7 12.5 1.2
1950 296,000 4,116 3,401 715 13.9 11.5 2.4
1951 297,000 4,176 3,456 720 14.0 11.6 2.4
1952 299,000 4,535 3,557 978 15.2 11.9 3.3
1953 301,000 4,565 3,737 828 15.2 12.4 2.7
1954 303,000 4,713 3,421 1,292 15.6 11.3 4.3
1955 305,000 4,962 3,453 1,509 16.3 11.3 5.0
1956 307,000 4,833 3,878 955 15.8 12.6 3.1 2.08
1957 309,000 4,954 3,811 1,143 16.1 12.4 3.7 2.13
1958 310,000 4,959 3,512 1,447 16.0 11.3 4.7 2.13
1959 312,000 5,037 3,607 1,430 16.1 11.6 4.6 2.16
1960 314,000 5,019 3,716 1,303 16.0 11.8 4.1 2.37
1961 317,000 5,112 3,616 1,496 16.1 11.4 4.7 2.42
1962 321,000 5,137 4,037 1,100 16.0 12.6 3.4 2.41
1963 324,000 5,112 3,929 1,183 15.8 12.1 3.7 2.37
1964 328,000 5,229 3,857 1,372 16.0 11.8 4.2 2.40
1965 332,000 5,297 4,057 1,240 16.0 12.2 3.7 2.39
1966 334,000 5,194 4,133 1,061 15.6 12.4 3.2 2.36
1967 335,000 4,957 4,166 791 14.8 12.4 2.4 2.25
1968 336,000 4,780 4,138 642 14.2 12.3 1.9 2.14
1969 338,000 4,503 4,202 301 13.3 12.5 0.9 2.03
1970 339,000 4,476 4,168 308 13.2 12.3 0.9 1.97
1971 342,000 4,512 4,416 96 13.2 12.9 0.3 1.96
1972 347,000 4,138 4,120 18 11.9 11.9 0.1 1.75
1973 351,000 3,847 4,184 -337 11.0 11.9 -1.0 1.58
1974 355,000 3,925 4,291 -366 11.1 12.1 -1.0 1.57
1975 359,000 3,997 4,376 -379 11.1 12.2 -1.1 1.55
1976 361,000 3,915 4,507 -592 10.8 12.5 -1.6 1.48
1977 362,000 4,053 4,083 -30 11.2 11.3 -0.1 1.49
1978 362,000 4,072 4,187 -115 11.2 11.6 -0.3 1.47
1979 363,000 4,078 3,985 93 11.2 11.0 0.3 1.47
1980 364,000 4,169 4,113 56 11.4 11.3 0.2 1.50
1981 365,000 4,414 4,105 309 12.1 11.2 0.8 1.55
1982 366,000 4,300 4,133 167 11.8 11.3 0.5 1.49
1983 366,000 4,185 4,129 56 11.4 11.3 0.2 1.44
1984 366,000 4,192 4,072 120 11.5 11.1 0.3 1.42
1985 367,000 4,104 4,027 77 11.2 11.0 0.2 1.38
1986 368,000 4,309 3,970 339 11.7 10.8 0.9 1.44
1987 371,000 4,238 4,012 226 11.4 10.8 0.6 1.39
1988 374,000 4,603 3,840 763 12.3 10.3 2.0 1.51
1989 378,000 4,665 3,984 681 12.4 10.6 1.8 1.52
1990 382,000 4,936 3,773 1,163 12.9 9.9 3.0 1.62
1991 387,000 4,986 3,744 1,242 12.9 9.7 3.2 1.60
1992 392,000 5,149 4,022 1,127 13.1 10.3 2.9 1.67
1993 397,000 5,353 3,915 1,438 13.5 9.8 3.6 1.69
1994 403,000 5,451 3,800 1,651 13.5 9.4 4.1 1.72
1995 409,000 5,421 3,797 1,624 13.3 9.3 4.0 1.67
1996 414,000 5,689 3,895 1,794 13.7 9.4 4.3 1.76
1997 419,000 5,503 3,937 1,566 13.1 9.4 3.7 1.71
1998 425,000 5,386 3,901 1,485 12.7 9.2 3.5 1.67
1999 430,000 5,582 3,793 1,789 13.0 8.8 4.2 1.71
2000 436,000 5,723 3,754 1,969 13.1 8.6 4.5 1.78
2001 442,000 5,459 3,719 1,740 12.4 8.4 3.9 1.66
2002 446,000 5,345 3,744 1,601 12.0 8.4 3.6 1.63
2003 452,000 5,303 4,053 1,250 11.7 9.0 2.8 1.62
2004 458,000 5,452 3,578 1,874 11.9 7.8 4.1 1.66
2005 465,000 5,371 3,621 1,750 11.5 7.8 3.8 1.62
2006 473,000 5,514 3,766 1,748 11.7 8.0 3.7 1.64
2007 480,000 5,477 3,866 1,611 11.4 8.1 3.4 1.61
2008 489,000 5,596 3,595 2,001 11.5 7.4 4.1 1.60
2009 498,000 5,638 3,657 1,982 11.3 7.3 4.0 1.59
2010 507,000 5,874 3,760 2,114 11.6 7.4 4.2 1.63
2011 518,000 5,639 3,819 1,820 10.9 7.4 3.5 1.51
2012 531,000 6,026 3,876 2,150 11.4 7.3 4.1 1.57
2013 543,000 6,115 3,822 2,293 11.2 7.0 4.2 1.55
2014 556,000 6,070 3,841 2,229 10.9 6.9 4.0 1.50
2015 576,000 6,115 3,983 2,132 10.9 7.0 3.9 1.47
2016 590,000 6,050 3,967 2,083 10.4 6.8 3.6 1.40
2017 602,000 6,174 4,263 1,911 10.4 7.1 3.3 1.39
2018 608,000 6,274 4,318 1,956 10.3 7.1 3.2 1.38
2019 613,900 6,230 4,283 1,947 10.0 6.9 3.1 1.34
2020 626,100 6,459 4,609 1,850 10.2 7.3 2.9 1.37
2021 634,730 6,690 4,489 2,201 10.4 7.0 3.4 1.38
2022 645,397 6,495 4,449 2,046 9.8 6.7 3.1 1.31
2023 660,809 6,320 4,431 1,889 9.5 6.6 2.9 1.25

Current vital statistics

[edit]

[7][8]

Period Live births Deaths Natural increase
January - September 2022 4,686 3,313 +1,373
January - September 2023 4,594 3,252 +1,342
Difference Decrease -92 (−1.96%) Positive decrease -61 (−1.84%) Decrease -31

Fertility

[edit]

In 2020, 64% of children born in Luxembourg were to mothers of foreign origin, both from other EU member states and from non-EU countries.[9]

Life expectancy

[edit]
Life expectancy at birth in Luxembourg
Period[10] Life expectancy in

Years

Period Life expectancy in

Years

1950–1955 66.0 1990–1995 75.8
1955–1960 67.6 1995–2000 77.0
1960–1965 69.1 2000–2005 78.3
1965–1970 69.8 2005–2010 79.5
1970–1975 70.2 2010–2015 81.2
1975–1980 71.5 2015–2020 82.0
1980–1985 72.9 2020–2025 82.8
1985–1990 74.5 2025–2030 83.6

Source: UN World Population Prospects

Nationality

[edit]

Luxembourg does not formally collect ethnic or racial data of its citizens.[11] The foreign population resident in Luxembourg currently numbers over 313,407, corresponding to 47.43% of the total population (compared to 13.2% in 1961).[3] That means there are currently almost as many immigrants as there are native citizens. These immigrants are overwhelmingly[12] nationals of EU countries (accounting for over 80%), by far the greater part of whom originally come from Portugal, Italy and the two neighbouring countries, France and Belgium. For some years, there has also been a large increase in the number of immigrants and asylum seekers from the countries of Eastern Europe, and especially the new republics to have emerged from the former Yugoslavia (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia and Montenegro). These immigrants include a considerable proportion of young people. Immigrants (especially asylum seekers) have a strong impact on the birth rate, accounting for nearly 50% of births in Luxembourg. The population of Ukrainian immigrants increased dramatically following the 2022 invasion of Ukraine, representing nearly a percent of the total population as of 2023.[13]

A more detailed breakdown by nationality[12] shows that the Portuguese community is still the largest group, accounting for around 30% of the foreign population. The Italian population has been stable for the past ten years at approximately 20,000. Some 80,000 foreigners come from bordering countries (France, Belgium and Germany).

Nationality [14]
1 January 2023
1  Luxembourg 347,402
2 European Union Portugal 92,101
3 European Union France 49,104
4 European Union Italy 24,676
5 European Union Belgium 19,205
6 European Union Germany 12,678
7 European Union Spain 9,068
8 European Union Romania 6,625
9  Ukraine 5,238
10 European Union Poland 5,130
11  India 4,657
12  China 4,295
13 European Union Greece 4,268
14 European Union Netherlands 3,956
15  United Kingdom 3,924
16  Syria 3,231
17  Brazil 3,050
18  Montenegro 2,806
19  Cape Verde 2,488
20 European Union Ireland 2,372
- Other 54,535

Net migration

[edit]
Luxembourg net migration, 2015-present
Year Total Immigration Total Emigration Total Net Migration Luxembourg Nationals Arrivals Luxembourg Nationals Departures Net Migration for Luxembourg Nationals
2015 23,803 12,644 11,159 1,195 2,199 -1,004
2016 22,888 13,442 9,446 1,331 2,106 -775
2017 24,379 13,831 10,548 1,199 2,248 -1,049
2018 24,644 13,985 10,659 1,291 2,339 -1,048
2019 26,668 15,593 11,075 1,518 2,585 -1,067
2020 22,490 14,870 7,620 1,520 2,822 -1,302
2021 25,335 15,959 9,376 1,577 3,063 -1,486
2022 31,433 17,227 14,206 1,582 3,273 -1,691
2023 26,964 16,588 10,376 1,820 3,102 -1,282

[15]

Language

[edit]
Census 2011 Luxembourgish Portuguese French German Italian English Dutch Spanish Serbian other
main language 55.8 15.7 12.1 3.1 2.9 2.1 0.9 0.8 0.5
spoken at home 64.9 8.8 31.2 11.6 5.1 7.2 10.4
use in school 79.6 10.2 49.1 39.3 1.7 20.4 6.5
use at the workplace 60.5 14.6 68.2 34.2 4.8 28.5 7.3

The linguistic situation in Luxembourg is complicated. The "national language" is Luxembourgish, a West Germanic language based on the same German dialect as in the neighbouring part of Germany. Three languages are used by the administration: Luxembourgish, French and German. French is the only language of legislation.[16]

According to the census of 2011, the residents of Luxembourg answer very differently about their use of language, depending on the context (see table).[17]

Religion

[edit]

The predominant religion of the Luxembourg population is Roman Catholic, with Protestant, Anglican, Jewish, Muslim and Hindu minorities. According to a 1979 law, the government forbids collection of data on religious practices, but over 90% is estimated to be baptized Catholic (the Virgin Mary is the Patroness of the city of Luxembourg).

The Lutherans are the largest Protestant denomination in the country. Muslims are estimated to number approximately 6,000 persons, notably including 1,500 refugees from Montenegro; Orthodox (Albanian, Greek, Montenegrin, Serbian, Russian, and Romanian) adherents are estimated to number approximately 5,000 persons, along with approximately 1,000 Jews. Freedom of religion is provided by the Luxembourg Constitution.[18]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Population totale 1821 - 2016". Le portail des statistiques. Grand-Duché de Luxembourg. Archived from the original on 5 November 2021. Retrieved 18 June 2017.
  2. ^ "Population" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2019-02-23. Retrieved 2019-02-01. Updated 19-04-2018
  3. ^ a b "L'immigration au Luxembourg marquée par la guerre en Ukraine" (PDF). statistiques.public.lu (in French). 2023-04-18.
  4. ^ "Luxembourg Presidency - Being a Luxembourger". www.eu2005.lu. Archived from the original on 2016-12-30. Retrieved 2007-04-03.
  5. ^ "UNSD — Demographic and Social Statistics". unstats.un.org. Archived from the original on 2018-07-24. Retrieved 2023-05-10.
  6. ^ "Statistiques - Luxembourg". statistiques.public.lu. June 22, 2023. Archived from the original on June 26, 2023. Retrieved June 26, 2023.
  7. ^ "Live births (total) by month". Eurostat. Retrieved 5 January 2024.
  8. ^ "Deaths (total) by month". Eurostat. Retrieved 5 January 2024.
  9. ^ "In Italia non si fanno più figli, siamo terzultimi in Europa per indice di fertilità". europa.today.it. 1 May 2022. Archived from the original on 21 February 2023. Retrieved 21 February 2023.
  10. ^ "World Population Prospects – Population Division – United Nations". 2019. Archived from the original on 2015-08-16. Retrieved 17 January 2021.
  11. ^ Shendruk, Amanda (2021-07-08). "Are you even trying to stop racism if you don't collect data on race?". Quartz. Archived from the original on 2022-07-09. Retrieved 2022-07-04.
  12. ^ a b "Population by nationalities in detail 2011 - 2020". statistiques.public.lu. Statistics portal of the Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg. April 1, 2020. Archived from the original on 2020-04-25. Retrieved 2020-04-08.
  13. ^ "Les Luxembourgeois de plus en plus nombreux à quitter le pays". paperjam.lu. 2023-04-18.
  14. ^ "Population par nationalités détaillées au 1er janvier".
  15. ^ "Statistics Luxembourg". Statistics Luxembourg. Retrieved 2024-06-15.
  16. ^ Gilles, Peter, Sebastian Seela, Heinz Sieburg, Melanie Wagner: Sprachen und Identitäten. In: IPSE – Identités Politiques Sociétés Espaces (ed.): Doing Identity in Luxemburg. Subjektive Aneignungen – institutionelle Zuschreibungen – sozio-kulturelle Milieus. transcript: Bielefeld, 2010, pp. 63-104. See here p. 63.
  17. ^ Fehlen, Fernand, Andreas Heinz: Die Luxemburger Mehrsprachigkeit. Ergebnisse einer Volkszählung. transcript: Bielefeld, 2016.
  18. ^ "WIPOLex". wipolex.wipo.int. Archived from the original on 2021-09-23. Retrieved 2019-02-05.
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